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The same applies to industrial environments: just a few seconds without power is enough to bring production lines to a standstill, disrupt automation systems or compromise entire production batches. Decentralized power producers like photovoltaic systems, or charging electric vehicles, place entirely new demands on electrical systems that may have been installed decades ago, according to the state-of-the-art at the time, but now require expanded protection measures. The growing number of electrical devices also contributes to the problem: an average household today uses much more than 50 electrical devices, compared to less than eight previously. The risk of overload and short circuit is particularly high in residential and functional buildings, where the installed electrical systems and equipment are not subject to regular inspection. It’s far more common, however, for them to occur gradually, as a result of age-related faults in cable insulation, plug connections or broken cables. Short circuits and overload currents can occur quite suddenly, for example, as a result of incorrect operation during switching, assembly errors or cases of higher forces, such as lightning strikes, earthquakes or flood disasters. The Security Legislation Amendment (Critical Infrastructure Protection) Bill 2022, which is. Short circuits, on the other hand, are conductive connections caused by errors, e.g. On 23 April 2021, we released a policy paper (977KB PDF). Overload currents can occur, for example, when several electrical consumers are used simultaneously in the same circuit and exceed the maximum permissible current level.